Living in constant fear. That is the daily reality for many LGBTQ+ individuals in Senegal since the government doubled the penalties for same-sex relations. Forced into secrecy or exile, they now face an agonizing choice: remain hidden or flee to safety.
From tolerance to persecution: the turning point
Until the adoption of the new legislation in March, LGBTQ+ communities in Senegal operated under a fragile, unofficial tolerance. Police rarely intervened in private matters as long as discretion was maintained. But that fragile balance shattered when the law was amended, increasing prison sentences from five to ten years for individuals convicted of homosexual conduct.
The change came amid a wave of arrests that triggered panic among queer communities. One high-profile case involved a man linked to a prominent political figure—details that were widely publicized in local media. This man’s arrest sent shockwaves through the community, especially for those who had previously maintained low profiles.
Cherif*, a young gay man from Dakar, described how the arrest of someone he knew led to a frantic scramble to erase digital traces. «I deleted every message, photo, and file that could identify me. I was certain the police would trace my connections through my phone. There was no other option but to disappear.»
Life under siege: the psychological toll
For Cherif and others, the atmosphere in Senegal has become unbearable. Public discourse has shifted dramatically. What was once whispered behind closed doors is now openly discussed—and condemned—across television, social media, and public spaces. «Everyone is talking about us, and not in a way that shows understanding or compassion. It’s all hate, all the time,» he says.
Families disown their LGBTQ+ members. Neighbors report suspected relationships to authorities. Even among friends, trust is eroding. The fear of arrest, public shaming, or violent reprisals has driven many to the brink of despair. Some have chosen exile, seeking asylum in countries where their identities won’t be criminalized.
Seeking refuge across borders
Since the law’s passage, hotlines and support networks have reported a sharp increase in distress calls from LGBTQ+ individuals desperate to leave Senegal. Organizations like Stop Homophobie, SOS Homophobie, and Le Refuge have intensified their coordination efforts, offering guidance and assistance to those planning their escape.
France has become a primary destination for asylum seekers. The journey is perilous—both emotionally and logistically—but the alternative is unthinkable. For many, France represents a chance at safety, dignity, and the possibility of living openly.
Cherif arrived in France in early June, carrying nothing but the clothes on his back and the weight of his past. «I didn’t want to die. I didn’t want to spend the rest of my life in hiding. Coming here was my only option.»
What lies ahead: a fight for survival and rights
The situation in Senegal remains dire. The new law has emboldened authorities and vigilantes alike, creating a climate of fear that shows no sign of abating. International human rights groups continue to condemn the legislation, calling it a violation of fundamental freedoms.
Yet, despite the oppression, pockets of resistance persist. Underground networks continue to provide support to those in need, and activists are working tirelessly to challenge the narrative that equates LGBTQ+ identities with moral decay.
For now, the future remains uncertain. But one thing is clear: the voices of Senegal’s LGBTQ+ community will not be silenced, even in the face of overwhelming odds.
*Name changed to protect identity
