Across Africa, countries have taken divergent paths to promote gender equality in political representation. While some nations have implemented electoral quotas, others have gone further by mandating balanced gender representation in both elective and appointive roles. Chad and Senegal exemplify these contrasting approaches.

Senegal’s gender parity law: progress in elected roles, gaps in appointed positions

Senegal introduced its gender parity law in 2010, requiring gender alternation on electoral lists for multiple election types. This legislation has significantly increased women’s presence in the National Assembly and local councils. However, the law does not extend to government appointments, which remain at the discretion of the President, acting on the Prime Minister’s proposals. Consequently, female representation in the cabinet depends entirely on the political will of the Head of State.

Chad’s bold step toward full gender parity

Chad took a more comprehensive approach with an ordinance in 2018 establishing gender parity in both elective and appointive positions. A 2021 decree clarified the mandate: ensuring equal access for women and men to decision-making roles in government, major institutions, and central and local administrations. The law sets a minimum 30% quota for women in appointive roles, complemented by electoral reforms that encourage female participation on candidate lists.

These measures have yielded tangible results. Following the 2024–2025 elections, women now hold 34% of seats in the National Assembly—64 out of 188 deputies. In the government reshuffled on April 1, 2026, 12 women serve among 37 ministers, delegates, and state secretaries, representing approximately 32% of cabinet positions.

While Chad’s government is making steady progress toward balanced representation, challenges persist. Women remain underrepresented in key decision-making roles, and deep-seated social, economic, and cultural barriers continue to hinder their full participation in politics.