The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) continues to grapple with escalating violence in its eastern provinces, prompting urgent calls from neighboring nations for international intervention. During a high-level meeting in Bujumbura, Burundi’s top diplomat highlighted the persistent threats posed by ongoing hostilities and the failure to implement the Washington Peace Agreement, signed between Kinshasa and Kigali in 2023.
diplomatic tensions and unmet peace commitments
Édouard Bizimana, Burundi’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, expressed deep concern over the lack of progress in halting the conflict, which has displaced thousands and destabilized the region. Speaking alongside his Congolese counterpart, Floribert Anzuluni, he underscored that while some internally displaced persons have returned home, many areas remain under siege by armed groups, including the Alliance Fleuve Congo/M23 (AFC/M23), widely accused of receiving Rwandan support.
The Washington Agreement—brokered under the mediation of the United States—was meant to serve as a turning point in regional security. However, both Burundi and the DRC now argue that its terms have been systematically violated. Bizimana stressed that “the international community must redouble its efforts to enforce these commitments and restore stability.”
regional alliances and military cooperation
The two ministers also discussed strengthening bilateral ties, particularly in defense and humanitarian aid. The DRC, facing relentless attacks from armed factions, has relied heavily on support from neighboring countries like Burundi, which has deployed troops to bolster Congolese forces along their shared border. This collaboration was formalized in a 2023 mutual defense pact, aimed at curbing cross-border threats.
- Humanitarian relief: Bujumbura has played a key role in hosting and supporting Congolese refugees, providing critical aid amid the crisis.
- Regional security frameworks: The International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (CIRGL)—currently led by the DRC—is expected to convene an emergency meeting to assess the situation.
- Diplomatic initiatives: The upcoming CIRGL Troika summit will review the implementation of the Montreux Joint Communiqué, another failed attempt to stabilize the region.
Floribert Anzuluni welcomed Burundi’s leadership in humanitarian efforts but warned that the lack of a unified response from global actors is exacerbating the crisis. “The situation demands collective action, not just declarations,” he stated.
the road ahead: challenges and expectations
Despite the African Union’s recent engagements—including Burundi’s presidency under Évariste Ndayishimiye—the region’s security architecture remains fragile. The AFC/M23 rebellion, active in South Kivu, continues to exploit gaps in enforcement, while accusations of ceasefire violations fly between Kinshasa and Kigali.
Bizimana concluded with a stark reminder: “Peace in the Great Lakes cannot be achieved through half-measures. The international community must hold all parties accountable for their obligations.”
Photo caption: Édouard Bizimana (left) and Floribert Anzuluni engage in discussions in Bujumbura.
