The Africa Corps, a group of Russian paramilitaries active in Mali, has sustained fewer casualties in jihadist attacks compared to Malian armed forces. This disparity raises questions about the factors behind their lower loss rates.

In multiple incidents across northern and central Mali, Malian troops have borne the brunt of losses, while Russian fighters appear less frequently affected. The reasons behind this pattern are multifaceted, involving mission structure, troop numbers, and operational tactics.

Numbers tell a story

Analysts point to a key factor: the numerical advantage of Malian forces. While the Africa Corps deploys an estimated 1,500 to 2,000 fighters, the Malian Armed Forces (FAMa) field over 13,000 personnel. This imbalance means Malian troops are often at greater risk.

Their roles also differ significantly. The Africa Corps primarily supports FAMa operations rather than leading them. Malian soldiers remain in the front lines, occupying vulnerable positions and handling most combat duties. As noted by Mamadou Mouth Bane, a scholar specializing in Sahel jihadism and organized crime:

“The explanation is straightforward: national armies bear the primary burden. Malian troops are on the front lines, stationed in high-risk zones. Russian fighters largely operate in a supporting role, managing communications and drone data analysis from the rear. Consequently, most casualties and hostages are Malian soldiers.”

Russian mercenaries: not immune to losses

Despite their lower casualty rates, Russian paramilitaries have not escaped unscathed. Several have been killed in operations across Mali’s northern and central regions over recent years. Exact figures remain unverified due to the lack of official disclosures from Bamako or Moscow.

Their experience sets them apart. Unlike many Malian troops, Russian fighters are often veterans of multiple international conflicts, bringing advanced combat skills to Mali. Abdoulaye Sounaye, a researcher at the Leibniz-Zentrum Moderner Orient in Berlin, highlights their advantages:

“We’re comparing two distinct forces: a national army and a cadre of professional mercenaries. These fighters arrive in Mali with extensive combat experience from other theaters. Their expertise, combined with superior equipment—including armored vehicles and aerial assets—gives them a protective edge over Malian forces.”

Strategic choices also play a role. With limited numbers, Russian paramilitaries prioritize protecting critical sites and high-priority missions, often leaving routine frontline duties to Malian troops.