Investigations reveal that Africa Corps, the Russian-backed force replacing Wagner in Mali, continues to be implicated in alleged human rights violations against civilians. Reports indicate persistent abuses, including extrajudicial killings, torture, and enforced disappearances, challenging claims of improved security operations.
Civilian casualties in military operations
Between June 2023 and December 2025, at least 34 civilians were killed in seven border localities between Mali and Mauritania during joint operations involving the Malian Armed Forces and former Wagner personnel. Survivors describe executions, throat slashing, and burnings, with drones allegedly striking civilian areas such as a market in Ejdeir on March 16, 2025, killing 16, and a home in Tangata in November, resulting in seven deaths. No evidence of armed group presence was found at these sites, raising concerns over military protocol and accountability.
Widespread allegations of torture and arbitrary detentions
Testimonies from 15 survivors detail horrific treatment, including suspension by limbs, waterboarding, electrocution, and beatings with sticks, iron bars, or rifle butts. Sexual violence and at least five deaths resulting from torture or detention conditions were reported. Detainees were often held for months without access to lawyers or family, violating fundamental rights.
Targeting of ethnic minorities fuels unrest
Marginalized communities, particularly Fulani, Arab, and Tuareg groups, face heightened risks due to suspected ties with armed factions like the Group for Supporters of Islam and Muslims (JNIM). Reports highlight livestock theft, property destruction, and collective reprisals, exacerbating food insecurity and displacement in already fragile regions.
Africa Corps: A shift without accountability
Officially deployed in January 2025 to replace Wagner, Africa Corps—operating under Moscow’s oversight—has not halted abuses. In July 2026, allegations emerged in Bombori’s Fulani quarter, where approximately 80 men were beaten and interrogated about militant activities. Six fleeing individuals were allegedly shot, and three executed, underscoring questions about Russian-Malian cooperation and oversight mechanisms.
Systemic impunity undermines justice
No legal action against government forces has been documented since 2023 for civilian-targeted abuses. This lack of accountability fosters a climate of fear, discouraging victims from coming forward and complicating investigations. Calls for independent probes, transparent military agreements, and justice for victims remain unaddressed, perpetuating a cycle of violence and distrust.
With security operations failing to protect civilians, the transition from Wagner to Africa Corps has done little to curb alleged violations. Ensuring justice and adherence to international humanitarian law must take precedence to break this pattern of abuse.